New Prognostic Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance (IR) occurs when cells become less sensitive to insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, resulting in the gradual development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The severity of IR varies, complicating T2D management and raising complication risks. For healthy people, early assessment of IR risk is crucial. While lifestyle factors, such as physical inactivity, a Western diet, and obesity, contribute to IR and T2D, genetic factors are also important. To identify genetic changes associated with IR we examined variations in the ELOVL6, FTO, MC4R, and PPARG genes, which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Our findings show that genetic changes in MC4R and FTO genes increase IR risk. Such a conclusion could aid in personalised medicine by identifying individuals more likely to develop IR.